Net-HOWTO
Introduction
This is the first release of the GOLEM Network Howto, this document aims to be a sort of unofficial update of the Linux Networking Howto.
General Information about Networking
Sources of non-linux-specific network information
If you are looking for general TCP/IP networking information, here you can find some resources:
Generic Network Configuration Information
Network tools
iproute2: IP Routing Utilities
nftables: Linux kernel packet control tool (firewall)
iputils: arping, clockdiff, ping, tracepath
Legacy tools
net-tools: configuration tools for Linux networking (arp, ifconfig, ipmaddr, iptunnel, mii-tool, nameif, netstat, plipconfig, rarp, route, slattach)
iptables: Linux kernel packet control tool (firewall)
Network Application Programs
Most common network application programs are collected in the inetutils package: dnsdomainname, ftp, ftpd, hostname, ifconfig, ping, rcp, rlogin, rlogind, rsh, rshd, talk, talkd, telnet, telnetd, whois
IPv4 Addresses, an Explanation
Internet Protocol v4 Addresses are composed of four bytes, each byte is converted to a decimal number (0-255) and bytes are separated by a . (dot). Usually every network interface has its own IP address.
Es: 192.168.0.5
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnet
Internet Protocol Networks are contiguous sequences of IP addresses. All addresses within a network have a number of digits within the address in common. The portion of the address that is common amongst all addresses within the network is called the `network portion' of the address. The remaining digits are called the `host portion'. The number of bits that are shared by all addresses within a network is called the netmask and it is role of the netmask to determine which addresses belong to the network it is applied to and which don't. For example, consider the following:
----------------- ---------------
Host Address 192.168.110.23
Network Mask 255.255.255.0
Network Portion 192.168.110.
Host portion .23
----------------- ---------------
Network Address 192.168.110.0
Broadcast Address 192.168.110.255
----------------- ---------------
Any address that is 'bitwise anded' with its netmask will reveal the address of the network it belongs to. The network address is therefore always the lowest numbered address within the range of addresses on the network and always has the host portion of the address coded all zeroes.
https://tldp.org/HOWTO/NET3-4-HOWTO-5.html