Net-HOWTO
Introduction
This is the first release of the GOLEM Network Howto, this document aims to be a sort of unofficial update of the Linux Networking Howto.
General Information about Networking
Sources of non-linux-specific network information
If you are looking for general TCP/IP networking information, here you can find some resources:
Generic Network Configuration Information
Network tools
iproute2: IP Routing Utilities
nftables: Linux kernel packet control tool (firewall)
iputils: arping, clockdiff, ping, tracepath
Legacy tools
net-tools: configuration tools for Linux networking (arp, ifconfig, ipmaddr, iptunnel, mii-tool, nameif, netstat, plipconfig, rarp, route, slattach)
iptables: Linux kernel packet control tool (firewall)
Network Application Programs
Most common network application programs are collected in the inetutils package: dnsdomainname, ftp, ftpd, hostname, ifconfig, ping, rcp, rlogin, rlogind, rsh, rshd, talk, talkd, telnet, telnetd, whois
IPv4 Addresses, an Explanation
Internet Protocol v4 Addresses are composed of 4 bytes (32 bit), each byte is converted to a decimal number (0-255) and bytes are separated by a . (dot), for this reason IPv4 addresses are limits to near 4 billions (232). Usually every network interface has its own IP address in a format like this: 192.168.0.5
Subnetting
Addresses in a network have some digits in common, that part is called the network portion of the address, the remaining numbers are called the host portion. The number of bits shared by all addresses of a network is called the netmask and its role is to determine which addresses belong to the network and which don't.
For example:
----------------- ---------------
Host Address 192.168.0.23
Network Mask 255.255.255.0
Network Portion 192.168.0.
Host portion .23
----------------- ---------------
Network Address 192.168.0.0
Broadcast Address 192.168.0.255
----------------- ---------------
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnet
https://tldp.org/HOWTO/NET3-4-HOWTO-5.html